India Map 641: Who Ruled India Then?

Travel through timePast ↓ Present

You are here630 CE

Regional kingdoms630 CE

Harsha and Pulakeshin II clash

Today’s time machine

India Map 641 CE — Historical Map & Timeline

Temple cities, maritime exchange and ambitious regional courts reshape the landscape.

The interactive map shows the atlas’s nearest drawn reconstruction (c. 850 CE). Frontiers moved in between, so use the list of powers below for 641 CE.

Who ruled India in 641 CE?

In 641 CE, power in the subcontinent was shared among 4 major states and dynasties. Dates are conventional estimates.

Harsha's kingdom (Pushyabhuti dynasty)
Northern India; capital Kannauj. Harshavardhana ruled much of northern India from Kannauj. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica — Harsha
Pallava dynasty
Tamil Nadu and southern Andhra; capital Kanchipuram. Builders of the Shore Temple and rock-cut monuments of Mamallapuram. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica — Pallava dynasty
Maitraka dynasty
Gujarat; capital Valabhi. Rulers of Saurashtra whose capital Valabhi was a noted centre of learning. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica — Maitraka dynasty
Chalukyas of Badami
Karnataka and the Deccan. Deccan dynasty whose king Pulakeshin II checked Harsha's southward advance. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica — Chalukya dynasty

What happened in India around 641 CE?

Around 500 CE: A changing northern landscape. The museum’s chronology presents Gupta control as a period with changing regional relationships, rather than an enduring uniform state. Source: Metropolitan Museum of Art — South Asia, 1–500 CE
606 CE: Harsha takes power at Thanesar
630 CE: Harsha and Pulakeshin II clash
c. 8th–10th century: Palas, Pratiharas and Rashtrakutas contest Kannauj. Three powerful dynasties competed for prestige and access to the central Ganga plain without producing a permanent victor. Their rivalry tied eastern, western and Deccan politics into one shifting arena. Source: Britannica: India—Regional states, c. 750–1200
712 CE: Arab forces conquer Sindh
750 CE: Pala and Rashtrakuta power expands

Historical Events & Sourced Records (641 CE)

Harsha builds a northern coalition from Kannauj

Harshavardhana extended influence across much of northern India while relying on alliances and regional rulers. His expansion southward was checked by the Chalukya king Pulakeshin II near the Narmada.

Court author Banabhatta and pilgrim Xuanzang describe Harsha from very different positions. Their admiration must be balanced against inscriptions and the limits of the ruler’s direct control.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: Harsha

641 ईस्वी में भारत का नक्शा: क्षेत्रीय राजवंश

641 ईस्वी का यह इंटरैक्टिव नक्शा क्षेत्रीय राजवंश के समय का भारत दिखाता है। मंदिर नगर, समुद्री व्यापार और महत्वाकांक्षी क्षेत्रीय दरबार।

641 ईस्वी में भारत पर किसका शासन था? हर्षवर्धन का राज्य, पल्लव वंश, मैत्रक वंश, बादामी के चालुक्य।

641 mein Bharat ke pramukh rajya: Harsha's kingdom (Pushyabhuti dynasty), Pallava dynasty, Maitraka dynasty. Ye Kshetriya Rajvansh ka daur tha.