India Map 1321 CE — Historical Map & Timeline

Who ruled India in 1321 CE?

In 1321 CE, power in the subcontinent was shared among 5 major states and dynasties. Dates are conventional estimates.

• Delhi Sultanate — Tughluq dynasty (1320 CE–1414 CE)
  Northern India from Delhi; at times much of the subcontinent. Five successive houses ruled from Delhi until Babur's victory at Panipat. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica — Delhi sultanate · Read: The Delhi Sultanate
• Ahom kingdom
  Brahmaputra valley, Assam. Ruled the Brahmaputra valley for six centuries until the Treaty of Yandabo. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica — Ahom
• Eastern Ganga dynasty
  Odisha. Builders of the Jagannath temple at Puri and the Sun Temple at Konark. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica — Ganga dynasty
• Hoysala dynasty
  Karnataka. Builders of the temples of Belur and Halebidu. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica — Hoysala dynasty
• Kakatiya dynasty
  Telangana and Andhra; capital Warangal. Telugu dynasty of Warangal, ended by Delhi Sultanate campaigns. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica — Kakatiya

What happened in India around 1321 CE?

• 1236: Razia takes the throne. Razia’s accession and the opposition she encountered illuminate the gendered assumptions of court politics and its chroniclers. Source: NCERT — The Delhi Sultans
• 1266 CE: Balban begins his reign
• 1296–1316: Alauddin Khalji pushes Delhi’s power into the Deccan. Alauddin’s armies attacked Devagiri, and Malik Kafur later campaigned deep into the peninsula. Tribute and strategic submission mattered more than immediate, uniform annexation of every conquered court. Source: Britannica: Khalji dynasty
• 1325–1351: Muhammad bin Tughluq experiments at imperial scale. The sultan moved courtly populations toward Daulatabad, issued token currency and pursued ambitious taxation and campaigns. These measures show a ruler seeking tighter control, even as implementation produced hardship and rebellion. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: Muhammad ibn Tughluq
• 1327 CE: Court moves toward Daulatabad
• 1333 CE: Ibn Battuta arrives at Delhi